How does the Quattro all-wheel drive system work in Audi A5?

I've heard that the Audi A5 has Quattro all-wheel drive, but I'm not sure how it actually works. Can someone explain the technology behind it?

The Quattro all-wheel drive system uses a mechanical center differential to distribute power between the front and rear wheels, providing improved traction and handling in all types of road conditions.

One of the coolest things about Quattro is that it constantly monitors road conditions and adjusts power distribution to each wheel in real-time, making for a safer and more enjoyable driving experience.